Introduction
Every step of social research is guided by values; from the questions we ask to the methods we select. While it maybe easy to talk about objectivity, the reality is that our backgrounds, experiences, and priorities naturally shape our work. In this post, I will share how values influence methodological decisions, and why openness, reflexivity, and ethics are the foundation for credible, meaningful research.
Our Values in Action
Integrity, knowledge, empathy, accountability, and credibility are much more than catchphrases, they are the compass that guides my own research journey. Far from being invisible, these values shape the choices I make, the connections I build with participants, and the knowledge I strive to produce. Being clear about these values helps me navigate the tricky ethical and methodological terrain of social research.
Objectivity, Subjectivity & Transparency
Social scientists have long debated the role of values in research. Myrdal (1969) argued that when we hide our value judgements, bias can sneak in unnoticed. Instead, it is better to be open about our values. Banks (1998b) reminds us that objectivity and subjectivity are always intertwined, and that acknowledging our perspectives makes for stronger research. It encourages us to look at ‘truth claims’ from different viewpoints, reinforcing the need for critical reflection and diverse voices.
How My Values Shape My Research
- Ontological: I see myself as part of the social world I study, not separate from it.
- Epistemological: Understanding comes from within, through relationships and shared experiences.
- Choosing Topics: My own interests and ethics guide the questions I ask, for example, whether it is social justice or innovation.
- Methodology: The frameworks I choose, whether constructivist or positivist for instance, reflect my beliefs about reality and knowledge.
- Sampling: I often work with groups I am connected to, ensuring relevance and authenticity.
- Methods: I select techniques that suit my values, such as using participatory approaches to empower voices, or quantitative methods for precision.
- Sharing Results: I am mindful of the impact of my research, prioritising accessibility and ethical sharing.
Reflexivity & Transparency – My Approach
Because values are woven throughout the research process, I believe in being transparent, laying my cards on the table about my assumptions, biases, and aims. This builds trust and shows readers that my findings are genuine and as unbiased as possible. To ensure credibility, I use strategies such as active engagement, peer review, triangulation, and member checks, following guidance from Mertens & McLaughlin (1995). Authenticity and ethics are always at the core.
Credibility, Validity & Objectivity – Real Challenges, Real Solutions
Credibility asks: Are participants’ voices represented fairly? I check this by building strong relationships, triangulating data, and reflecting on my own identity and values. Validity means using the right tools for the job, so I closely examine my methods and remain open to feedback. When interviewing, I focus on how closely accounts match the truths I am seeking, often using participants’ own terms to get as close as possible to their lived realities.
Reflexivity – The Heart of My Research
Reflexivity means taking time to reflect, question, and consider every angle before making decisions. I have learnt to think deeply about the research context, my expectations, and the relationships I build. In my own life history research with parents (Grey-Elsharif 2010; 2012), reflexivity has meant raising awareness, empowering others, and being self-critical. Interactive interviews have helped me build genuine relationships and encourage self-reflection, moving away from the old ‘researcher vs participant’ divide. Emotions and personal meanings are embraced as part of the conversation.
My Contribution to Methodological Challenges & Values in Social Research
Throughout my research journey, I have faced and addressed many methodological challenges. By fostering genuine relationships with participants, I ensure that their experiences are recorded truthfully and respectfully. I actively combine different types of data (triangulation) and openly discuss how my own background, identity, and values may influence the research. This transparency not only strengthens the credibility of my findings but also encourages readers and fellow researchers to trust the results.
When carrying out interviews for instance, I consider where each account falls on the ‘scale of truthfulness’ (Gubrium and Holstein 2002) and work hard to connect participants’ stories to the truths I am seeking. As an ‘emic’ researcher, I prioritise understanding people’s behaviours and experiences through their own words and perspectives, rather than imposing my own. Reflexivity sits at the heart of my practice, I regularly pause to reflect, question my assumptions, and listen without judgement, even when the stories I hear are overwhelming.
All these strategies, building rapport, embracing reflexivity, and practising transparency have helped me overcome methodological hurdles and ensure my research stands up to scrutiny. Ultimately, my goal is to produce research that is robust, inclusive, and impactful, contributing not only to academic understanding but also making a difference in the real world.
Conclusion
The values we hold as researchers shape every stage of the process, from asking questions to sharing results. By embracing reflexivity, transparency, and ethical responsibility, we can create research that is meaningful, inclusive, and trusted, advancing knowledge that matters both in academia and in society.
Reflective Questions for Your Own Practice
- What values are guiding your choices in research?
- How might being more transparent and reflexive boost the credibility and impact of your work?
Call to Action
If you’d like to discuss any of these topics, explore your training needs, or arrange a speaking event, please get in touch with Janet via janet@spicesacademicconsultancy.com, visit www.spicesacademicconsultancy.com, or write to SPICES Academic Consultancy, P.O. Box 16374, B69 9FA, UK.
References
Banks, J. (1998b). The lives and values of researchers: implications for educating citizens in a multicultural society. Educational researchers. 27,7, 4 –17.
Grey-Elsharif, J. (2010). Understanding Parents’ Perspectives on Inclusive Education and Partnership Practice: A Life History Approach. Ph.D. Thesis: University of Birmingham.
Grey-Elsharif, J. (2012). The Invisible Narrator – Telling Parents’ Life Stories of Inclusive Education, As They Know It. Narrative Matters Research Paper, AUP.
Gubrium, J.F. & Holstein, J (eds) (2002). Handbook of Interview Research: Context and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA; London; New Delhi: pp. 3-32.
Mertens, D.M. & McLaughlin, J. A. (1995). Research Methods in Special Education. London. Calif. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Myrdal, G. (1969). Objectivity in Social Research. In Banks, J. (1998b). The lives and values of researchers: implications for educating citizens in a multicultural society.
